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| en:multiasm:cs:chapter_3_7 [2026/01/10 10:49] – pczekalski | en:multiasm:cs:chapter_3_7 [2026/03/01 13:59] (current) – [Peripherals] ktokarz |
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| ====== Peripherals ====== | ====== Peripherals ====== |
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| Peripherals or peripheral devices, also known as Input-Output devices, enable the computer to remain in contact with the external environment or expand the computer's functionality. Peripheral devices enhance the computer's capability by making it possible to enter information into a computer for storage or processing and to deliver the processed data to a user, another computer, or a device controlled by the computer. | Peripherals or peripheral devices, also known as Input-Output (I/O) devices, enable the computer to remain in contact with the external environment or expand the computer's functionality. Peripheral devices enhance the computer's capability by making it possible to enter information into a computer for storage or processing and to deliver the processed data to a user, another computer, or a device controlled by the computer. |
| Internal peripherals are connected directly to the computer's address, data, and control buses. External peripherals can be connected to the computer via USB or a similar connection. | Internal peripherals are connected directly to the computer's address, data, and control buses. External peripherals can be connected to the computer via USB or a similar connection. |
| <note info> | <note info> |
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| ===== Addressing of I/O devices ===== | ===== Addressing of I/O devices ===== |
| From the assembler programmer's perspective, the peripheral device is represented as a set of registers available in the I/O address space. Registers of peripherals are used to control their behaviour, including mode of operation, parameters, configuration, transmission speed, etc. Registers are also data exchange points where the processor can store data to be transmitted to the user or external computer, or read the data coming from the user or another system. | From the assembler programmer's perspective, the peripheral device is represented as a set of registers available in the I/O address space. Registers of peripherals are used to control their behaviour, including mode of operation, parameters, configuration, transmission speed, etc. Registers are also data exchange points where the processor can store data to be transmitted to the user or an external computer, or read data from the user or another system. |
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| The size of the I/O address space is usually smaller than the size of the program or data address space. The method of accessing peripherals depends on the processor's design. We can find two methods of I/O addressing implementation: separate or memory-mapped I/O. | The size of the I/O address space is usually smaller than the size of the program or data address space. The method of accessing peripherals depends on the processor's design. We can find two methods of I/O addressing implementation: separate or memory-mapped I/O. |
