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en:safeav:as:vvintro [2026/04/08 10:09] airien:safeav:as:vvintro [2026/04/24 09:41] (current) raivo.sell
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 ====== Introduction to Validation and Verification in Autonomy ====== ====== Introduction to Validation and Verification in Autonomy ======
-{{:en:iot-open:czapka_b.png?50| Bachelors (1st level) classification icon }} 
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-<todo @rahulrazdan #rahulrazdan:2025-06-16></todo> 
  
 As discussed in the governance module, whatever value products provide to their consumers is weighed against the potential harm caused by the product, and leads to the concept of legal product liability. From a product development perspective, the combination of laws, regulations, legal precedence form the overriding governance framework around which the system specification must be constructed [3].   The process of validation ensures that a product design meets the user's needs and requirements, and verification ensures that the product is built correctly according to design specifications.  As discussed in the governance module, whatever value products provide to their consumers is weighed against the potential harm caused by the product, and leads to the concept of legal product liability. From a product development perspective, the combination of laws, regulations, legal precedence form the overriding governance framework around which the system specification must be constructed [3].   The process of validation ensures that a product design meets the user's needs and requirements, and verification ensures that the product is built correctly according to design specifications. 
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 In most cases, the generic V&V process must grapple with massive ODD spaces, limited execution capacity, and high cost of evaluation. Further, all of this must be done in a timely manner to make the product available to the marketplace. Traditionally, the V&V regimes have been bifurcated into two broad categories: Physics- Based and Decision-Based. We will discuss the key characteristics of each now. In most cases, the generic V&V process must grapple with massive ODD spaces, limited execution capacity, and high cost of evaluation. Further, all of this must be done in a timely manner to make the product available to the marketplace. Traditionally, the V&V regimes have been bifurcated into two broad categories: Physics- Based and Decision-Based. We will discuss the key characteristics of each now.
  
-**Physics-Based Operating Domains**+===== Physics-Based Operating Domains =====
  
 For MaVV, the critical factors are the efficiency of the MiVV “engine” and the argument for the completeness of the validation. Historically, mechanical/non-digital products (such as cars or airplanes) required sophisticated V&V. These systems were examples of a broader class of products which had a Physics-Based Execution (PBE) paradigm. In this paradigm, the underlying model execution (including real life) has the characteristics of continuity and monotonicity because the model operates in the world of physics. This key insight has enormous implications for V&V because it greatly constrains the potential state-space to be explored. Examples of this reduction of state-space include:  For MaVV, the critical factors are the efficiency of the MiVV “engine” and the argument for the completeness of the validation. Historically, mechanical/non-digital products (such as cars or airplanes) required sophisticated V&V. These systems were examples of a broader class of products which had a Physics-Based Execution (PBE) paradigm. In this paradigm, the underlying model execution (including real life) has the characteristics of continuity and monotonicity because the model operates in the world of physics. This key insight has enormous implications for V&V because it greatly constrains the potential state-space to be explored. Examples of this reduction of state-space include: 
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   - In safety situations, regulations focused on a process to demonstrate safety with a key idea of design assurance levels.   - In safety situations, regulations focused on a process to demonstrate safety with a key idea of design assurance levels.
  
-TRADITIONAL DECISION-BASED EXECUTION +===== Traditional Decision-based Execution ===== 
 + 
 As cyber-physical systems evolved, information technology (IT) rapidly transformed the world.   As cyber-physical systems evolved, information technology (IT) rapidly transformed the world.  
  
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