MEPS specify the maximum energy or power demand of devices, which manufacturers must ensure in their models of a regulated category when using the test method that accompanies the MEPS. MEPS may define two measures: modal power, expressed in watts W), and total annual energy consumption TEC), expressed in kWh. The modal power specifies the maximal power consumption for one or more low power modes. TEC provides the an annual estimate of energy consumption across various modes, based on an assumed use profile.

Vertical MEPS are set on a device category basis. Vertical MEPS advantages:

• Can be tailored to each specific device category
• Energy saving can be defined.

Vertical MEPS disadvantages:

• Complex to develop
• Costly to support and update
• Unable to define one structure for multiply devices.

Considering the need for a quick implementation of policies to keep up with technology developments, Vertical MEPS should focus on well-defined, high impact product categories. The following Vertical MEPS policies are proposed for the prioritized IoT categories:

• Vertical MEPS for network standby of home security cameras, smart home gateways, smart LED lamps and network-connected audio products.
• Tightening of Vertical MEPS for external power supplies.

Horizontal MEPS cover a range of different device categories. Horizontal MEPTS advantages:

• Covers broad range of devices
• Energy saving plan can be defined.

Horizontal MEPS disadvantage is some specific devices require unique structure and design. Horizontal MEPS don’t consider specific device characteristics. Therefore, the defined performance limits are typically a compromise between best possible values and broad product coverage. Given the rapid evolution of the IoT market and the many and diverse product categories, it may be a good trade-off to use Clustered MEPS.