Differences
This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.
| Next revision | Previous revision | ||
| en:av:autonomy_and_autonomous_systems:technology:electric_motors [2020/12/20 21:12] – created agrisnik | en:av:autonomy_and_autonomous_systems:technology:electric_motors [Unknown date] (current) – external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Line 3: | Line 3: | ||
| This chapter provides a very basic overview of the operational principles of electric motors. | This chapter provides a very basic overview of the operational principles of electric motors. | ||
| - | The operation of any electric motor (machine) is based on the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction – the interaction of a conductor with an electric current and magnetic field. There are three fundamental concepts of implementation of an electric motor: | + | The operation of an electric motor (machine) is based on the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction – the interaction of a conductor with an electric current and magnetic field. There are three fundamental concepts of implementation of an electric motor: |
| **A permanent magnet (or electromagnet) motor** | **A permanent magnet (or electromagnet) motor** | ||
| Line 11: | Line 11: | ||
| < | < | ||
| {{ : | {{ : | ||
| - | < | + | < |
| </ | </ | ||
| + | |||
| In the figure: | In the figure: | ||
| Line 18: | Line 19: | ||
| B – Direction of magnetic flux created by the permanent magnets | B – Direction of magnetic flux created by the permanent magnets | ||
| F – Force and its direction created by current and magnetic flux | F – Force and its direction created by current and magnetic flux | ||
| - | In green – rotating contact surface enabling to change direction of current while motor is rotating. | + | In green – rotating contact surface enabling to change |
| + | while the motor is rotating. | ||
| In orange – conductor (a copper wire) | In orange – conductor (a copper wire) | ||
| - | The created force creates | + | The created force creates momentum on the conductor i.e. it starts to rotate. During rotation the conductor changes the connection to the contact surfaces, thus changing the current direction in the conductor. The created momentum keeps turning the conductor and the motor keeps running. |
| + | |||
| + | **A rigid body motor** | ||
| + | |||
| + | The current of the conductor influences a secondary magnetic flux induced by an electric current. | ||
| + | |||
| + | < | ||
| + | {{ : | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | In this case, a force on the rotating rigid magnetic body is created by two stator coils, where the flowing currents U1 and U2 differ in their phase i.e. the force is created by the phase shift. | ||
| + | |||
| + | **Magnetic flux motor or Brushless motor** | ||
| + | |||
| + | The magnetic flux induced by the current influences a ferromagnetic body (so-called reluctance principle). This type of motor is widely known as brushless direct current motors and widely used in different autonomous systems like drones due to the ability to provide a high output power relative to its size. | ||
| + | |||
| + | < | ||
| + | {{ : | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | The motor consists of a stator – coils and robots – permanent magnets (or single multi-pole magnet). If a direct current is applied to the pair of opposite coils a force and appropriate momentum is created on the magnets (figure on the left). If a control circuit keeps switching one pair of coils after another, the rotor will keep rotating due to sequentially generated force and momentum. | ||
| + | |||
| + | < | ||
| + | {{ : | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | In all cases, a dedicated motor controller is used to ensure the proper application of voltage and current to the motor. Other types of motors are derived from the mentioned ones. | ||
