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        <title>Robotic &amp; Microcontroller Educational Knowledgepage - Network of Excellence - en:examples:communication</title>
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        <title>Bluetooth</title>
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        <description>Bluetooth

The necessary knowledge: [HW] Controller module, [AVR] USART, [LIB] Serial Interface, 
[LIB] Graphic LCD

Theory

Bluetooth is a proprietary open industry standard for wireless communication between devices over a short distance. Bluetooth communication uses short-wave radio transmissions, typically  2400–2480</description>
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        <dc:date>2020-07-20T09:00:00+00:00</dc:date>
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        <title>Ethernet</title>
        <link>https://home.roboticlab.eu/en/examples/communication/ethernet?rev=1595235600&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Ethernet

Necessary knowledge: [HW] Controller module, [AVR] USART, [LIB] Serial Interface, [LIB] Alphanumeric LCD

Theory

Ethernet is summarizing networking technologies for LANs. It was introduced first in 1980 and later standardized as IEEE 802.3 in 1985.

When talking about Ethernet standards, those are tightly connected with the OSI physical layer. Ethernet provides service up to and including the data link layer. As transfer medium, Ethernet started with coaxial cables, with the 10BASE5 s…</description>
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        <dc:date>2026-02-19T09:30:59+00:00</dc:date>
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        <title>Two wire interface TWI/I2C</title>
        <link>https://home.roboticlab.eu/en/examples/communication/i2c?rev=1771493459&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Two wire interface TWI/I2C

Required knowledge: 
[HW] Kontrollermoodul, [HW] Kombomoodul,
[AVR] Katkestused, 

[LIB] Kahejuhtmeliides TWI, [LIB] Graafiline LCD

Theory

Two Wire Interface (TWI) is most often known by the abbreviation I2C, which is the patented name of the same protocol by its creator Philips. I2C is an acronym for</description>
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        <dc:date>2026-02-19T09:31:00+00:00</dc:date>
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        <title>RFID modules</title>
        <link>https://home.roboticlab.eu/en/examples/communication/rfid?rev=1771493460&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>RFID modules

Required knowledge: 
[HW] Kontrollermoodul, [HW] Kombomoodul, 
[AVR] USART, 
[LIB] Jadaliides 

Theory

RFID is a technology for data exchange via radio waves between a reader and an electronic identity attached to an object for identification and tracking. RFID allows each object to be associated with a unique ID number. Passive tags without a battery can be read when passing close to the reader.</description>
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        <dc:date>2020-07-20T09:00:00+00:00</dc:date>
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        <title>RS-232</title>
        <link>https://home.roboticlab.eu/en/examples/communication/rs232?rev=1595235600&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>RS-232

Necessary knowledge: [HW] Controller module, [AVR] USART, [LIB] Serial Interface, [LIB] Alphanumeric LCD

Theory
“
RS-232 is a standard of physical data interface, which is used for delivering binary data. The standard is used mainly in serial ports of computers, which are also called “COM” ports in everyday language. Nowadays is the RS-232 largely replaced by USB interface, but due to its simplicity it is still used very successfully in hobby applications, especially if there are USB – …</description>
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        <dc:date>2026-02-19T09:30:59+00:00</dc:date>
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        <title>Serial interface UART</title>
        <link>https://home.roboticlab.eu/en/examples/communication/uart?rev=1771493459&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Serial interface UART

Required knowledge: 
[HW] Kontrollermoodul, [HW] Kombomoodul, 
[AVR] USART, 
[LIB] Jadaliides, 

[LIB] Graafiline LCD 

Theory

UART stands for “universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter”. USART is almost the same, but with the difference that data is transferred together with a clock signal. UART can also be called a serial interface. A serial interface is a data transfer mechanism where each bit is transmitted one by one. For example, to transmit 1 byte, 8 bits are sen…</description>
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        <title>USB</title>
        <link>https://home.roboticlab.eu/en/examples/communication/usb?rev=1771493459&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>USB

Required knowledge: 
[HW] Kontrollermoodul,
[LIB] USB, 

[LIB] Graafiline LCD

Theory

Practice

HomeLab III generation controllers have a USB connection directly to the microcontroller, which enables a direct connection between the microcontroller and a computer.

To test the example program, you need a terminal-type application, e.g., HyperTerminal (Windows XP). On Linux you can use minicom. Characters typed in the window are shown on the LCD screen. Pressing Enter changes the line on the…</description>
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        <dc:date>2020-07-20T09:00:00+00:00</dc:date>
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        <title>ZigBee</title>
        <link>https://home.roboticlab.eu/en/examples/communication/zigbee?rev=1595235600&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>ZigBee

The necessary knowledge: [HW] Controller module, [AVR] USART, [LIB] Serial Interface, 
[LIB] Graphic LCD

Theory

ZigBee is a specification for high level communication protocols using small, low-power digital radios based on an IEEE 802.15.4-2003 standard for personal area networks. ZigBee is designed for devices which require simple wireless networking and don&#039;t need high data transfer rate. These devices might be for example sensor network, information displays, home- and industrial a…</description>
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